TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 3. Neuroimaging of Movement Disorders
A1  - Brooks, David J.
A1  - Pavese, Nicola
A2  - Watts, Ray L.
A2  - Standaert, David G.
A2  - Obeso, Jose A.
PY  - 2012
T2  - Movement Disorders, 3e
AB  - With  the  advent  of  high-field  magnetic  resonance  imaging  (MRI),  volumetric  acquisitions,  and  more  sophisticated  sequences,  the  role  of  structural  imaging  in  the  diagnosis  of  parkinsonian  disorders  is  becoming  more  important.  MRI  can  help  exclude  structural  lesions  such  as  basal  ganglia  tumors,  hemorrhages,  small  vessel  disease,  and  calcification,  which  have  all  been  associated  with  parkinsonism,  as  has  hydrocephalus.  There  is  still  debate  concerning  whether  vascular  parkinsonism  is  a  distinct  entity,  although  5%  of  parkinsonian  cases  have  no  other  evident  pathology1  (see  Chapter  24).  High-field  MRI  utilizing  gray  and  white  matter  signal-suppressing  inversion  recovery  sequences  can  show  abnormal  signal  from  the  substantia  nigra  compacta  in  idiopathic  Parkinson's  disease  (PD)  patients.2,3  Volumetric  MRI  has  so  far  failed  to  detect  a  reduction  in  nigral  volume  in  PD,  possibly  because  of  difficulties  in  accurately  defining  the  border  of  the  nigra  compacta.4  Interestingly,  however,  a  reduction  in  putamen  volume  was  noted  by  these  workers,  even  in  early  cases.  T2-weighted  MRI  sequences  directly  reflect  the  iron  content  of  brain  areas.  Michaeli  and  colleagues5  have  been  able  to  detect  increased  nigral  magnetic  susceptibility  in  PD,  although  midbrain  relaxation  times  overlapped  considerably  with  those  of  healthy  normals.  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessphysiotherapy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=55790512
ER  -