TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - The Ankle and Foot
A1  - Malone, Terry R.
A1  - Hazle, Charles
A1  - Grey, Michael L.
A1  - Hendrix, Paul C.
Y1  - 2016
N1  - 
T2  - Imaging for the Health Care Practitioner
AB  - Since  the  ankle  complex  serves  as  the  transition  from  the  “leg”  to  the  foot,  significant  forces  are  placed  through  these  structures,  resulting  in  frequent  injuries.  The  talus  sits  between  the  medial  and  lateral  malleoli  within  what  is  described  as  the  ankle  mortise.  The  orientation  of  the  mortise  (lateral  malleolus  more  distal  and  posterior  than  the  medial)  dictates  the  motion  of  plantar  flexion  to  have  an  inversion  component,  while  dorsiflexion  includes  eversion.  As  the  lower  extremity  internally  rotates  during  ambulation  and  the  foot  must  be  able  to  be  placed  onto  the  surface,  the  next  inferior  linkage  to  the  foot  provides  a  mechanism  for  dissipation  of  rotation  (subtalar  joint)  while  enabling  the  foot  to  adapt  to  uneven  surfaces  (serving  as  a  mobile  adaptor).  It  is  obvious  that  a  variety  of  ligamentous  structures  are  required  to  control  the  bony  structures  and  to  interface  with  the  muscular  units  permitting  normal  function.  The  osseous-ligamentous  structures  are  shown  in  Figure  17-1A,  B,  respectively,  in  medial  and  lateral  orientations.  These  relationships  have  been  described  at  length  by  Inman.1  It  is  interesting  to  note  how  Inman  used  models  to  explain  the  intricate  interrelationships  and  how  the  ankle  must  be  viewed  as  a  part  of  the  overall  complex.  This  can  be  perceived  as  enabling  the  lower  extremity  to  perform  required  “functional”  tasks  while  permitting  the  foot  to  transfer  weight-bearing  loads.  Unfortunately,  the  large  loads  and  unique  triplanar  action  of  these  structures  do  predispose  them  to  injury.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/18
UR  - accessphysiotherapy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1128341157
ER  -