RT Book, Section A1 Lopez-Sendon, J.L. A1 Cantarero, S. A1 Tabernero, C. A1 Vázquez, A.V. A1 de Yébenes, J.G. A2 Watts, Ray L. A2 Standaert, David G. A2 Obeso, Jose A. SR Print(0) ID 55799679 T1 Chapter 31. Symptomatic Dystonias T2 Movement Disorders, 3e YR 2012 FD 2012 PB The McGraw-Hill Companies PP New York, NY SN 978-0-07-161312-5 LK accessphysiotherapy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=55799679 RD 2024/04/19 AB The concept of symptomatic or secondary dystonia, as opposed to primary or idiopathic dystonia, emerged in the medical literature as a class of dystonias of known etiology. Perinatal brain injury was the most representative cause of symptomatic dystonia. More recently, different focal brain lesions, neurodegenerations, metabolic disorders of the nervous system, and drugs and chemicals have been recognized as causes of dystonia.