| Shoulder | Flexion/0-170 to 180 | Supine | Acromion process | Midaxillary line of the thorax | Lateral midline of the humerus using the lateral epicondyle of the humerus for reference |
| | Extension/0-50 to 60 | Prone/supine with arm over edge | Acromion process | Midaxillary line of the thorax | Lateral midline of the humerus using the lateral epicondyle of the humerus for reference |
| | Abduction/0-170 to 180 | Supine | Anterior aspect of the acromion process | Parallel to the midline of the anterior aspect of the sternum | Medial midline of the humerus |
| | Adduction (return from abduction)/180-0 | Supine | Anterior aspect of the acromion process | Parallel to the midline of the anterior aspect of the sternum | Medial midline of the humerus |
| | Horizontal adduction/0-120 | Seated | Superiorly on the acromion process of the scapula through the head of the humerus | Along the midline of the shoulder toward the neck | Along the midshaft of the humerus, in line with the lateral epicondyles of the humerus |
| | Horizontal abduction/0-120 | Seated | Superiorly on the acromion process of the scapula through the head of the humerus | Aligned on the midline of the shoulder toward the neck | Along the midshaft of the humerus, in line with the lateral epicondyle of the humerus |
| | Internal rotation/0-60 to 100 | Supine | Olecranon process | Parallel or perpendicular to the floor | Ulna using the olecranon process and ulnar styloid for reference |
| | External rotation/0-80 to 90 | Supine | Olecranon process | Parallel or perpendicular to the floor | Ulna using the olecranon process and ulnar styloid for reference |
| Elbow | Flexion/0-145 | Supine/seated | Lateral epicondyle of the humerus | Lateral midline of the humerus using the center of the acromion process for reference | Lateral midline of the radius using the radial head and radial styloid process for reference |
| | Extension/145-0 | Supine/seated | Lateral epicondyle of the humerus | Lateral midline of the humerus using the center of the acromion process for reference | Lateral midline of the radius using the radial head and radial styloid process for reference |
| Radioulnar | Pronation/0-90 | Supine/seated | Lateral to the ulnar styloid process | Parallel to the anterior midline of the humerus | Posterior aspect of the forearm, just proximal to the styloid process of the radius and ulna |
| | Supination/0-90 | Supine/seated | Medial to the ulnar styloid process | Parallel to the anterior midline of the humerus | Anterior aspect of the forearm, just proximal to the styloid process of the radius and ulna |
| Wrist | Flexion/0-90 | Seated | Lateral aspect of the wrists over the triquetrum | Lateral midline of the ulna using the olecranon and ulnar styloid process for reference | Lateral midline of the fifth metacarpal |
| | Extension/0-70 | Seated | Lateral aspect of the wrists over the triquetrum | Lateral midline of the ulna using the olecranon and ulnar styloid process for reference | Lateral midline of the fifth metacarpal |
| | Radial deviation/0-25 | Seated | Over the middle of the posterior aspect of the wrist over the capitate | Posterior midline of the forearm using the lateral epicondyle of the humerus ... |