Chapter 1. The Basic Science of Therapeutic Modalities

Wavelength is defined as the number of cycles per second.

True

False

To achieve deeper tissue penetration, the wavelength must be increased.

True

False

Continuous shortwave diathermy produces thermal effects.

True

False

Which of the following is NOT an electromagnetic energy modality?

Ultraviolet light

Ultrasound

Low-power laser

Shortwave diathermy

Sound or radiation waves that change direction when passing from one type of tissue to another are said to.

Transmit

Absorb

Reflect

Refract

The ____________ states that if superficial tissue does not absorb energy, it must be transmitted deeper.

Law of Grotthus–Draper

Cosine law

Inverse square law

Arndt–Schultz principle

According to the cosine law, to minimize reflection and maximize absorption, the energy source must be at a ____________ angle to the surface.

45 degree

90 degree

180 degree

0 degree

Electrical stimulating currents may produce the following effects:

Muscle contraction

Net ion movement

Decrease in pain

All of the above

Thermal energy modalities generally affect superficial tissue up to___cm deep.

5 cm

0.5 cm

1 cm

10 cm

Based on their different characteristics, which of the following travels at greater velocity through human tissue?

Sound energy

Electromagnetic energy

Both a and b travel at the same rate.

Neither a nor b travels through human tissue.