Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content ++ Acute bronchitisInflammation of bronchi ++ 466 Acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis490 Bronchitis, not specified as acute or chronic491 Chronic bronchitis ++ 780.7 Malaise and fatigue786.0 Dyspnea and respiratory abnormalities786.05 Shortness of breath ++ J20.9 Acute bronchitis, unspecifiedJ41.0 Simple chronic bronchitis ++ 6C: Impaired ventilation, respiration/gas exchange, and aerobic capacity/endurance associated with airway clearance dysfunction16F: Impaired ventilation and respiration/gas exchange associated with respiratory failure2 +++ Description ++ Inflammation of the air passageways in the lungsCategorized as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)Acute or chronic +++ Essentials of Diagnosis ++ Diagnosis based on clinical manifestationAcute bronchitis usually occurs after a common cold (viral respiratory infection)May get secondary bacterial infection +++ General Considerations ++ Influenza is a systemic illness involving the respiratory tractAntibiotics have limited or no role in the treatment of a virusCan develop into pneumoniaCan be acute or chronic +++ Demographics ++ Infants and young childrenElderly with weak immune system +++ Signs and Symptoms ++ Low-grade feverRunny noseMalaisePleurisySore throatCough with productive mucusEdemaChest tightnessRales soundsAnkle, feet, leg swellingWheezingShoulder raised to allow increased air flow to lungsShortness of breathTensed muscles from dyspnea +++ Functional Implications ++ Disabling dyspnea when performing simple tasks involving arm elevation, such as reaching into a cabinetDecreased exercise tolerancePatients with mononucleosis should avoid contact sports for six weeks to avoid splenic rupture +++ Possible Contributing Causes ++ SmokingAir pollutionAllergiesOccupations with poor air qualityLong-term exposure to lung irritantsEnvironmental irritantsPeriodontal diseaseImmunodeficiency disorders +++ Differential Diagnosis ++ InfluenzaMeaslesAsthmaChickenpoxGastroesophageal reflux diseaseLudwig’s anginaBronchiectasisAdult cystic fibrosisKawasaki diseasePneumoniaGoiterUpper respiratory tract infectionAsthma (reversible)Central airway obstructionLung tumorTuberculosis +++ Laboratory Tests ++ Viral cultureNasopharyngeal swab for influenza +++ Imaging ++ Chest radiograph3CT for sinuses +++ Diagnostic Procedures ++ Lung function testsPulse oximetryAbnormal lung sounds ++ Mucus that is yellow-green in color likely indicates bacterial infectionAcute sinusitis on CT will show complete opacification and air-fluid level1 ++ For imaging, X-rayFor medication, anti-inflammatory agents, bronchodilators, expectorants, antihistamines, or vaccinesFor surgical consult, if deviated septumFor ENT consultFor pulmonologist consult ++ Exercise limitationShortness of breathLimited endurance capacity ++ Fluid intakeSmoking cessationManual sinus drainageCoughing techniquesManual lobe drainagePulmonary rehabilitation (PR)4Enhances patient’s sense of well-beingImproves exercise capacityInspiratory ... Your Access profile is currently affiliated with [InstitutionA] and is in the process of switching affiliations to [InstitutionB]. Please select how you would like to proceed. Keep the current affiliation with [InstitutionA] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Switch affiliation to [InstitutionB] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Error: Incorrect UserName or Password Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Sign in Forgot Password? Forgot Username? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth You already have access! Please proceed to your institution's subscription. Create a free profile for additional features.