Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content ++ Cerebral vascular accidentStroke ++ 430 Subarachnoid hemorrhage 431 Intracerebral hemorrhage 432 Other and unspecified intracranial hemorrhage 433 Occlusion and stenosis of precerebral arteries 434 Occlusion of cerebral arteries434.0 Cerebral thrombosis434.00 Cerebral thrombosis without cerebral infarction434.01 Cerebral thrombosis with cerebral infarction434.1 Cerebral embolism434.10 Cerebral embolism without cerebral infarction434.11 Cerebral embolism with cerebral infarction434.9 Cerebral artery occlusion unspecified434.90 Cerebral artery occlusion unspecified without cerebral infarction434.91 Cerebral artery occlusion unspecified with cerebral infarction435 Transient cerebral ischemia 436 Acute but ill-defined cerebrovascular disease 437 Other and ill-defined cerebrovascular disease 438 Late effects of cerebrovascular disease ++ I63.30 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified cerebral arteryI63.40 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified cerebral arteryI63.50 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified cerebral arteryI66.09 Occlusion and stenosis of unspecified middle cerebral artery I66.19 Occlusion and stenosis of unspecified anterior cerebral artery I66.29 Occlusion and stenosis of unspecified posterior cerebral arteryI66.9 Occlusion and stenosis of unspecified cerebral artery ++ 5D: Impaired Motor Function and Sensory Integrity Associated With Nonprogressive Disorders of the Central Nervous System - Acquired in Adolescence or Adulthood +++ Description ++ Results in sudden, specific neurological deficit based on location and extent of ischemia or hemorrhageMay occur over seconds, minutes, hours, or few daysSymptoms include sensory dysfunction, aphasia, dysarthria, dysphagia, visual field defects, cognitive impairment, and most commonly hemiplegia +++ Essentials of Diagnosis ++ Brain damage may result in the following changes or dysfunctionMotor lossSensory lossVisual impairmentAutonomic dysfunctionPerceptual changesCognitive, personality, behavioral changesChanges in consciousnessCommunication difficultiesEating, swallowing, bowel and bladder changes +++ General Considerations2 ++ Two major classification groups Ischemic (2 types)Thrombotic: atherosclerotic plaques and hypertension (HTN) produce cerebrovascular accident (CVA) due to plaques that form at the branching and curves of arteriesEmbolic: an embolus that causes CVA can travel from the heart, internal carotid artery thrombosis, or atheromatous plaque of the carotid sinus; branches of middle cerebral artery (MCA) most commonly affectedHemorrhagic: hypertension (HTN), ruptured saccular aneurysm, or arteriovenous malformation (AVM) can cause a bleed in the brain +++ Demographics ++ Largest single cause of neurological disabilityApproximately 4 million Americans suffer physical impairments and disability from strokeTwo-thirds of all strokes occur in individuals aged 65 years or olderRisk of stroke doubles every 10 years after age 55Greater incidence in men than women; twice as likely in African Americans vs. Caucasians Cerebral infarction (thrombosis or embolism) is most common form (70% of all strokes), followed by hemorrhages (20%) and unspecified cause (10%) +++ Signs and Symptoms ++ Dependent on part(s) of the brain affected by CVA and amount of tissue damage from obstruction or hemorrhage2Common ... Your MyAccess profile is currently affiliated with '[InstitutionA]' and is in the process of switching affiliations to '[InstitutionB]'. Please click ‘Continue’ to continue the affiliation switch, otherwise click ‘Cancel’ to cancel signing in. Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Forgot Username? Forgot Password? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth