Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content ++ LeptomeningitisBacterial meningitisCryptococcal meningitisHemophilus meningitis ++ 320 Bacterial meningitis 320.0 Hemophilus meningitis320.1 Pneumococcal meningitis320.2 Streptococcal meningitis320.3 Staphylococcal meningitis320.7 Meningitis in other bacterial diseases classified elsewhere320.89 Meningitis due to other specified bacteria321 Meningitis due to other organisms321.0 Cryptococcal meningitis ++ B45.1 Cerebral cryptococcosisG00.0 Hemophilus meningitisG00.1 Pneumococcal meningitisG00.2 Streptococcal meningitisG00.3 Staphylococcal meningitisG00.8 Other bacterial meningitis G00.9 Bacterial meningitis, unspecifiedG01 Meningitis in other bacterial diseases classified elsewhere ++ 5A: Primary Prevention/Risk Reduction for Loss of Balance and Falling5C: Impaired Motor Function and Sensory Integrity Associated with Nonprogressive Disorders of the Central Nervous System – Congenital Origin or Acquired in Infancy or Childhood5D: Impaired Motor Function and Sensory Integrity Associated with Nonprogressive Disorders of the Central Nervous System – Acquired in Adolescence or Adulthood5I: Impaired Arousal, Range of Motion and Motor Control Associated with Coma, Near Coma, or Vegetative State +++ Description ++ Infection of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord caused by a microorganismSeverity and extent of the infection causes a wide range of neurologic signs and symptoms, generally non-focal in nature +++ Essentials of Diagnosis ++ Headache and neck stiffness are common with all infections of the central nervous systemNo physical test distinguishes a bacterial from a viral infection; must rely on body fluid culturesIf a central nervous system infection is suspected, the therapist should seek information regarding a potential source of infection or a condition that pre-disposed the patient to infection +++ General Considerations ++ Hemophilus meningitis is caused by the haemophilus influenza bacteriaMost common form of meningitisAcquired following an upper respiratory infectionBacterial meningitis is caused by a wide range of bacteriaOnset of symptoms is very rapid and considered a medical emergencyCryptococcal meningitis is caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformansFound in soil around the worldOnset is slower than bacterial meningitis +++ Demographics ++ Commonly nosocomial or iatrogenicMost common worldwide forms of meningitis include: pneumococcal, influenza, and meningococcalOther bacteria cause meningitis, but may be less common in some parts of the world than others.Approximately 3/100,000 in the United States; 500/100,000 in Africa +++ Signs and Symptoms ++ Headache, stiff neckChange in mental status (confusion, delirium)Fever or hypothermiaMalaiseImpaired heart, lung, liver, kidney functionSeizure, generalized convulsionsSensory deficit/changeMotor deficit/changeWith increased intracranial pressure, papilledema may developWith prolonged infection, cranial nerves may become effected +++ Functional Implications ++ Loss of mobility temporarily with permanent loss possibleLoss of hearing/vestibular function in some casesTemporary loss of coordination, fine and gross motor skills; permanent loss possible.Loss of independence with activities of daily livingReduced cognitive function, particularly executive functions ... Your MyAccess profile is currently affiliated with '[InstitutionA]' and is in the process of switching affiliations to '[InstitutionB]'. Please click ‘Continue’ to continue the affiliation switch, otherwise click ‘Cancel’ to cancel signing in. Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Forgot Username? Forgot Password? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth