Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content ++ MeningitisHaemophilus meningitis ++ 320 Bacterial meningitis320.0 Hemophilus meningitis321.0 Cryptococcal meningitis320.1 Pneumococcal meningitis320.2 Streptococcal meningitis320.3 Staphylococcal meningitis320.7 Meningitis in other bacterial diseases classified elsewhere320.89 Meningitis due to other specified bacteria ++ G00.9 Bacterial MeningitisA48.8 Meningitis in other bacterial diseases classified elsewhereG00.8 Meningitis due to other specified bacteria ++ 5A: Primary prevention/risk reduction for loss of balance and falling5C: Impaired motor function and sensory integrity associated with nonprogressive disorders of the central nervous system - congenital origin or acquired in infancy or childhood5D: Impaired motor function and sensory integrity associated with nonprogressive disorders of the central nervous system - acquired in adolescence or adulthood5I: Impaired arousal, range of motion, and motor control associated with coma, near coma, or vegetative state +++ Description ++ Infection of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord caused by a spread of bacteriaSeverity and extent causes a wide range of neurologic signs and symptoms, generally non-focal in nature +++ Essentials of Diagnosis ++ Bacterial meningitis is rareInfection can result due to the followingHead injurySevere local infectionEar infection (otitis media)Nasal Sinsus infectionOnset of symptoms is very rapid and considered a medical emergencyCommonly nosocomial or iatrogenicNo physical test distinguishes a bacterial from a viral infection; must rely on body fluid culturesIf a central nervous system infection is suspected, the therapist should seek information regarding a potential source of infection or a condition that pre-disposed the patient to infection +++ General Considerations ++ Bacterial meningitis is caused by a wide range of bacteriaMost common forms of meningitis include pneumococcal, influenza, and meningococcal worldwide; other bacteria cause meningitis but may be less common in some parts of the worldHemophilus meningitis is caused by the Haemophilus influenzae bacteria (Hib)Most common form of meningitisAcquired most likely following an upper respiratory infectionRare; mostly limited to secondary to vaccine +++ Demographics ++ Approximately 3/100,000 in the United States; 500/100,000 in Africa2 +++ Signs and Symptoms ++ Flu-like symptomsHeadacheStiff neckSkin rashChange in mental status (confusion, delirium)Fever or hypothermiaMalaiseImpaired heart, lung, liver, kidney functionSeizure, generalized convulsionsSensory deficit/changeMotor deficit/changeWith increased intracranial pressure, papilledema may developWith prolonged infection, cranial nerves may become effected +++ Functional Implications ++ Loss of mobility temporarily with permanent loss possibleLoss of hearing/vestibular function in some casesLoss of coordination (fine and gross motor) temporarily with permanent loss possibleLoss of independence with activities of daily livingReduced cognitive function, particularly executive functions +++ Possible Contributing Causes ++ Severe sinus infectionCranial or spinal surgeryShunt placementOpen head injuryDiseases ... Your Access profile is currently affiliated with '[InstitutionA]' and is in the process of switching affiliations to '[InstitutionB]'. Please click ‘Continue’ to continue the affiliation switch, otherwise click ‘Cancel’ to cancel signing in. Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Forgot Password? Forgot Username? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth