Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content ++ Glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis (OA) ++ 715 Osteoarthrosis and allied disorders715.11 Osteoarthrosis localized primary involving shoulder region715.21 Osteoarthrosis localized secondary involving shoulder region715.9 Osteoarthrosis unspecified whether generalized or localized ++ M19.019 Primary osteoarthritis, unspecified shoulderM19.219 Secondary osteoarthritis, unspecified shoulder ++ 4D: Impaired joint mobility, motor function, muscle performance, and range of motion associated with connective tissue dysfunction14F: Impaired Joint Mobility, Motor Function, Muscle Performance, Range of Motion, and Reflex Integrity Associated With Spinal Disorders24H: Impaired Joint Mobility, Motor Function, Muscle Performance, and Range of Motion Associated With Joint Arthroplasty34I: Impaired Joint Mobility, Motor Function, Muscle Performance, and Range of Motion Associated With Bony or Soft Tissue Surgery4 +++ Description ++ Most common form of arthritisDegenerative joint diseaseCommonly affects weight-bearing jointsAssociated with increased age, obesity, previous trauma, previous surgeryAssociated with abnormal loading of jointsCharacterized by joint painArthrosisOsteoarthrosisPolyarthrosis +++ Essentials of Diagnosis ++ Radiography is standard method for diagnosisKellgren and Lawrence (KL) grade ≥ 2 (definite radiographic OA)5Osteophytes, joint-space narrowing, sclerosisCartilage lesions, bone marrow lesions, synovitis, effusion, and subchondral bone attrition/sclerosisErosion of articular cartilageSynovial hyperplasiaFibrosisInflammatory cell infiltrationConventional radiograph is most commonly used tool in OA6Diagnosis based on careful history, physical examination, imaging studies, laboratory examination, exclusion of other possible diseases +++ General Considerations ++ Low bone-mineral density (BMD)Repetitive joint use or loadingJoint alignmentBone or joint morphologyCalcification of the biceps tendonBone formation, cyst formationThickening of subchondral bone plate, osteosclerosisOverall joint dysfunctionJoint swelling and inflammation (in certain, severe cases)Joint painMorning stiffnessLong-term diseaseSecondary problemsMuscle atrophy and weaknessBony protrusion or prominenceJoint deformityDifficulty with ADLs +++ Demographics ++ More common in middle- to older-aged populationsWomen more commonly affected than menMore common African American and Caucasian than other ethnicitiesMay affect approximately 12% of the population in U.S. and other developed countries7 +++ Signs and Symptoms ++ Joint pain, achingJoint stiffnessMuscle weaknessMuscle atrophyCrepitusBony enlargementLimited range of motion (ROM) in jointJoint-line tendernessJoint deformity in severe casesActivity limitation +++ Functional Implications ++ Limited mobilityHousehold and work-related activity limitations/restrictionsDecreased overall activity and participation +++ Possible Contributing Causes ++ Chronic factors affecting the joint (obesity, BMD, LLD)AgeingChronic and vigorous joint-loadingPrevious chronic joint injury (e.g., accident, trauma); secondary OA +++ Differential Diagnosis ++ Rheumatoid arthritisGoutRotator cuff tearBursitisBiceps tendinitisAdhesive capsulitisFibromyalgia syndromeSpondyloarthropathy +++ Laboratory Tests ++ Synovial fluid examination (optional, not required)Other ... Your Access profile is currently affiliated with '[InstitutionA]' and is in the process of switching affiliations to '[InstitutionB]'. Please click ‘Continue’ to continue the affiliation switch, otherwise click ‘Cancel’ to cancel signing in. Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Forgot Password? Forgot Username? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth