Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content ++ Hip arthritisHip degenerative joint disease ++ 715 Osteoarthrosis and allied disorders715.15 Osteoarthrosis localized primary involving pelvic region and thigh715.25 Osteoarthrosis localized secondary involving pelvic region and thigh715.35 Osteoarthrosis localized not specified whether primary or secondary involving pelvic region and thigh715.9 Osteoarthrosis unspecified whether generalized or localized715.95 Osteoarthrosis unspecified whether generalized or localized involving pelvic region and thigh ++ M16.10 Unilateral primary osteoarthritis, unspecified hipM16.7 Other unilateral secondary osteoarthritis of hipM16.9 Osteoarthritis of hip, unspecified ++ 4D: Impaired joint mobility, motor function, muscle performance, and range of motion associated with connective tissue dysfunction14F: Impaired Joint Mobility, Motor Function, Muscle Performance, Range of Motion, and Reflex Integrity Associated With Spinal Disorders24H: Impaired Joint Mobility, Motor Function, Muscle Performance, and Range of Motion Associated With Joint Arthroplasty34I: Impaired Joint Mobility, Motor Function, Muscle Performance, and Range of Motion Associated With Bony or Soft Tissue Surgery4 +++ Description ++ Most common form of arthritisDegenerativeCommonly affects hip and knee joints (weight-bearing joints)May also affect spinal facet jointsAssociated with increased age, obesity, female sex, race/ethnicityAssociated with abnormal loading of jointsCharacterized by joint painArthrosisOsteoarthrosisPolyarthrosisDegenerative joint disease +++ Essentials of Diagnosis ++ Radiography is standard method for diagnosisKellgren and Lawrence (KL) grade ⩾ 2 (definite radiographic OA)2Osteophytes, joint-space narrowing, sclerosisCartilage lesions, bone marrow lesions, synovitis, effusion, subchondral bone attrition or sclerosisErosion of articular cartilageSynovial hyperplasiaFibrosisInflammatory cell infiltrationWith or without OA symptomsConventional radiograph is most commonly used tool for diagnosing OADiagnosis based on a careful history, physical examination, imaging studies, laboratory examination, exclusion of other possible diseases +++ General Considerations ++ Low bone-mineral density (BMD)Repetitive joint use or loadingJoint alignmentLeg-length discrepancy (LLD)Bone or joint morphologyCalcification (e.g., of the knee meniscus)Bone formation, cyst formationThickening of subchondral bone plate, osteosclerosisOverall joint dysfunctionJoint swelling and inflammation (in severe cases)Joint painMorning stiffnessLong-term diseaseSecondary problemsMuscle atrophy and weaknessBony protrusion or prominenceJoint deformityDifficulty walkingDifficulty with ADLs +++ Demographics ++ Increased age (middle- to older-age)Women more commonly affected than menAfrican American and Caucasian more commonly affected than other ethnicitiesMay affect approximately 12% of population in U.S. and other developed countries3 +++ Signs and Symptoms ++ Joint pain or achingJoint stiffnessMuscle weaknessMuscle atrophyCrepitusBony enlargementLimited joint range of motion (ROM)Joint-line tendernessJoint deformity in severe casesActivity limitation +++ Functional Implications ++ Limited mobilityLimited household and work-related activityDecreased overall activity and participation +++ Possible Contributing Causes ++ Chronic factors affecting ... Your Access profile is currently affiliated with [InstitutionA] and is in the process of switching affiliations to [InstitutionB]. Please select how you would like to proceed. Keep the current affiliation with [InstitutionA] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Switch affiliation to [InstitutionB] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Error: Incorrect UserName or Password Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Sign in Forgot Password? Forgot Username? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth You already have access! Please proceed to your institution's subscription. Create a free profile for additional features.