Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content ++ Collapsed lungSpontaneous pneumothoraxPneumothoraces (plural form of disorder) ++ 512.0 Pneumothorax and air leak860 Traumatic pneumothorax and hemothorax ++ 780.7 Malaise and fatigue786.0 Dyspnea and respiratory abnormalities786.05 Shortness of breath ++ J93.0 Spontaneous tension pneumothoraxJ93.11 Primary spontaneous pneumothoraxJ93.12 Secondary spontaneous pneumothoraxJ93.81 Chronic pneumothoraxJ93.82 Other air leakJ93.83 Other pneumothoraxJ93.9 Pneumothorax, unspecifiedJ95.811 Postprocedural pneumothoraxJ95.812 Postprocedural air leakS21.309A Unspecified open wound of unspecified front wall of thorax with penetration into thoracic cavity, initial encounterS27.0XXA Traumatic pneumothorax, initial encounterS27.1XXA Traumatic hemothorax, initial encounterS27.2XXA Traumatic hemopneumothorax, initial encounter ++ 6A: Primary Prevention/Risk Reduction for Cardiovascular/Pulmonary Disorders6B: Impaired Aerobic Capacity/Endurance Associated With Deconditioning6C: Impaired Ventilation, Respiration/Gas Exchange, and Aerobic Capacity/Endurance Associated With Airway Clearance Dysfunction6F: Impaired Ventilation and Respiration/Gas Exchange Associated With Respiratory Failure +++ Description ++ Collapsed lung occurs from air in the region around the lungPressure on the lung prevents expansion of the lung with inhalationChest pain with breathing +++ Essentials of Diagnosis ++ Spontaneous pneumothorax (PTX) can occur with no etiologyFocal area of absent breath sounds2Iatrogenic PTX4From a complication from a diagnostic or treatment procedureTension PTX4Air enters the pleural space but can not escapePrimary pneumothoraxUnknown causeSecondary pneumothoraxKnown cause +++ General Considerations ++ Can be caused byRib fractureGunshot woundPenetration trauma into the lungCan be life threateningMay need a chest tube +++ Demographics ++ More common in tall and thin individualsSpontaneously in newborns and in older childrenMales (16 to 24) with high risk trauma activities3 +++ Signs and Symptoms ++ Sudden shortness of breath2Focal area of absent breath sounds2Chest pain; worsens with deep breath or coughCyanosisFatigueIncreased heart rateDecreased oxygenation throughout the bodyNasal flaringHypotension (low blood pressure)Chest tightnessRaising shoulders allows increased lung air flowTensed muscles from dyspnea +++ Functional Implications ++ If spontaneous pneumothorax, patient prohibited from air travel until completely healedDisabling dyspnea when performing simple tasksArm elevation to reach into cabinetDecreased exercise toleranceInability to function at work secondary to respiratory problems +++ Possible Contributing Causes ++ Having had a previous pneumothoraxRib fractureGunshot to lungsPuncture wound to lungsLung rupture (small region)Acute complication of tracheostomy2AsthmaMeaslesCongenital malformationSmokingCystic fibrosisTuberculosisWhooping coughChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) +++ Differential Diagnoses ++ Diaphragmatic herniaInfluenzaMeaslesAsthmaChickenpoxGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)Ludwig’s anginaBronchiectasisCongenital lobar emphysemaCystic fibrosis (CF)Kawasaki disease (KD)BronchitisGoiterUpper respiratory tract infectionCentral airway ... Your Access profile is currently affiliated with [InstitutionA] and is in the process of switching affiliations to [InstitutionB]. Please select how you would like to proceed. Keep the current affiliation with [InstitutionA] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Switch affiliation to [InstitutionB] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Error: Incorrect UserName or Password Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Sign in Forgot Password? Forgot Username? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth You already have access! Please proceed to your institution's subscription. Create a free profile for additional features.