Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content ++ Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD)Temporomandibular joint painTemporomandibular joint internal derangementTemporomandibular joint dysfunction syndromeCosten’s syndrome ++ 524.6 Temporomandibular joint disorders524.60 Temporomandibular joint disorders, unspecified524.61 Temporomandibular joint disorders, adhesions and ankylosis (bony or fibrous)524.62 Temporomandibular joint disorders, arthralgia of temporomandibular joint524.63 Temporomandibular joint disorders, articular disk disorder (reducing or non-reducing)524.64 Temporomandibular joint disorders, temporomandibular joint sounds on opening and/or closing the jaw524.69 Other specified temporomandibular joint disorders ++ M26.60 Temporomandibular joint disorder, unspecifiedM26.61 Adhesions and ankylosis of temporomandibular jointM26.62 Arthralgia of temporomandibular jointM26.63 Articular disk disorder of temporomandibular jointM26.69 Other specified disorders of temporomandibular joint ++ 4D: Impaired Joint Mobility, Motor Function, Muscle Performance, and Range of Motion Associated With Connective Tissue Dysfunction4E: Impaired Joint Mobility, Motor Function, Muscle Performance, and Range of Motion Associated With Localized Inflammation +++ Description ++ Often referred to as TMJ (temporomandibular joint) which is the name of the joint, but does not describe any specific dysfunctionSyndrome is an umbrella term describing acute or chronic inflammation of the TMJ.Diagnosis covers an array or acute or chronic problems of the TMJ.Originally described by James B. Costen in 1934 and initially known as Costen’s syndrome. Five stages of disk displacement +++ Essentials of Diagnosis ++ Dysfunction of the joint, muscle imbalances Alignment problems between the temporal and mandible bones and the cervical spine +++ General Considerations ++ The TMJ has two joints, allowing one to rotate and slide (translate).Ligament laxity and disk desiccation need to be assessed.Wear of the bone and cartilage can lead to popping, clicking and pain. +++ Demographics ++ Women > menAge range: 20 to 40 years of age +++ Signs and Symptoms ++ Can involve one or more of the TMJ components such as the muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, bones, and teethDeviation of the mandible with opening and closingMalalignment of the teethWearing of the teeth, flattening of the top of the teethGrindingHypertonicity of the pterygoids and masseter musclesEar pain, ache (otalgia) and ear swellingOrofascial painAudible click/pop with opening and closing of the jawReciprocal clip Limited opening of the jawInability to open/close jaw/lockingCrepitusSwelling, heat, redness at the TMJHeadaches/migrainesTinnitusTrigeminal nerve issues, Cranial nerve (CN) V +++ Functional Implications ++ Inability to bite/eat larger objects such as an appleHeadaches that limit functionLocking of the jaw +++ Possible Contributing Causes ++ TraumaWhiplashBlunt trauma, punch or hit to the face increased lateral movement of the mandibleMuscle imbalances head, neckMalalignment, from bridge, overlay, or crown that alters bite and pressuresJaw thrusting from tongue and speech problemsPrevious orthodontic ... Your Access profile is currently affiliated with [InstitutionA] and is in the process of switching affiliations to [InstitutionB]. Please select how you would like to proceed. Keep the current affiliation with [InstitutionA] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Switch affiliation to [InstitutionB] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Error: Incorrect UserName or Password Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Sign in Forgot Password? Forgot Username? Download the Access App: iOS | Android Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth You already have access! Please proceed to your institution's subscription. Create a free profile for additional features.