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OBJECTIVES
After completion of this chapter, the rehab professional should be able to do the following:
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A dynamic, core stabilization training program is routinely incorporated as a component of all comprehensive functional rehabilitation programs.1–6 For athletes at all levels, core strengthening and stability exercises have become key components of training and conditioning programs.7 A core stabilization program improves dynamic postural control, ensures appropriate muscular balance, and affects joint arthrokinematics around the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex, thereby affecting the entire movement system. A carefully crafted core stabilization program allows for the expression of dynamic functional strength and improves neuromuscular efficiency throughout the entire kinetic chain.4,5,8–18 A core stabilization program can enhance functional movement patterns and dynamic postural control.19
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The core is defined as the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex.4,8 The core is where our center of gravity is located and where all movement begins.20–23 There are 29 muscles that have an attachment to the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex.4,24–26 An efficient core allows for maintenance of the normal length-tension relationship of functional agonists and antagonists, which allows for the maintenance of the normal force-couple relationships in the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex. Maintaining the normal length-tension relationships and force-couple relationships allows for the maintenance of optimal arthrokinematics in the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex during functional kinetic-chain movements.15,16,27 This provides optimal neuromuscular efficiency in the entire kinetic chain, allowing for optimal acceleration, deceleration, and dynamic stabilization of the entire kinetic chain during functional movements. It also provides proximal stability for efficient lower-extremity and upper-extremity movements.4,6,8,15,16,20–23,28
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The core operates as an integrated functional unit, whereby the entire kinetic chain works synergistically to produce force, reduce force, and dynamically stabilize against abnormal force.8 In an efficient state, each structural component distributes weight, absorbs force, and transfers ground reaction forces.8 This integrated, interdependent system needs to be trained appropriately to allow it to function efficiently during dynamic kinetic chain activities.
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Core stabilization exercise programs have been labeled many different terms, some of which include dynamic lumbar stabilization, neutral spine control, muscular fusion, and lumbo-pelvic stabilization. We use the phrase butt and gut to educate our patients, colleagues, and health care students. This catchy phrase illustrates the importance of the entire abdominal and pelvic region working together to provide functional stability and efficient movement.
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CORE STABILIZATION TRAINING ...