TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Disorders of the Parathyroids & Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism A1 - Shoback, Dolores M. A2 - Hammer, Gary D. A2 - McPhee, Stephen J. Y1 - 2019 N1 - T2 - Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine, 8e AB - This chapter presents a general overview of the key hormones involved regulating calcium, phosphate, and bone mineral metabolism. These include parathyroid hormone, vitamin D—principally the 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D metabolite (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)—calcitonin, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23. The cycle of bone remodeling is described as a basis for understanding the normal maintenance of skeletal integrity in adults and of mineral homeostasis. The symptoms and signs caused by an excess or deficiency of the calciotropic hormones are presented, along with the natural histories of primary hyperparathyroidism, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, hypercalcemia of malignancy, different forms of hypoparathyroidism, and medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Two of the most commonly encountered causes of low bone mass—osteoporosis and osteomalacia—are reviewed, and the pathogenesis of these conditions is discussed. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessphysiotherapy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1156659384 ER -