TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Dietary Reference Intakes: Vitamins A1 - Powers, Scott K. A1 - Howley, Edward T. A1 - Quindry, John Y1 - 2021 N1 - T2 - Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance, 11e AB - Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|PrintDietary Reference Intakes (DRIs): Recommended Intakes for Individuals, VitaminsFood and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National AcademiesLife Stage GroupVit A (μg/day)aVit C (mg/day)Vit D (μg/day)b,cVit E (mg/day)dVit K (μg/day)Thiamin (mg/day)Riboflavin (mg/day)Niacin (mg/day)eVit B6 (mg/day)Folate (g/day)fVit B12 (g/day)Pantothenic Acid (mg/day)Biotin (g/day)Choline (mg/day)gInfants 0-6 mo400*40*5*4*2.0*0.2*0.3*2*0.1*65*0.4*1.7*5*125* 7-12 mo500*50*5*5*2.5*0.3*0.4*4*0.3*80*0.5*1.8*6*150*Children 1-3 yr300155*630*0.50.560.51500.92*8*200* 4-8 yr400255*755*0.60.680.62001.23*12*250*Males 9-13 yr600455*1160*0.90.9121.03001.84*20*375* 14-18 yr900755*1575*1.21.3161.34002.45*25*550* 19-30 yr900905*15120*1.21.3161.34002.45*30*550* 31-50 yr900905*15120*1.21.3161.34002.45*30*550* 51-70 yr9009010*15120*1.21.3161.74002.4i5*30*550* >70 yr9009015*15120*1.21.3161.74002.4i5*30*550*Females 9-13 yr600455*1160*0.90.9121.03001.84*20*375* 14-18 yr700655*1575*1.01.0141.2400i2.45*25*400* 19-30 yr700755*1590*1.11.1141.3400h2.45*30*425* 31-50 yr700755*1590*1.11.1141.3400h2.45*30*425* 51-70 yr7007510*1590*1.11.1141.54002.4h5*30*425* >70 yr7007515*1590*1.11.1141.54002.4h5*30*425*Pregnancy 14-18 yr750805*1575*1.41.4181.9600j2.66*30*450* 19-30 yr770855*1590*1.41.4181.9600j2.66*30*450* 31-50 yr770855*1590*1.41.4181.9600j2.66*30*450*Lactation 14-18 yr12001155*1975*1.41.6172.05002.87*35*550* 19-30 yr13001205*1990*1.41.6172.05002.87*35*550* 31-50 yr13001205*1990*1.41.6172.05002.87*35*550*NOTE: This table (taken from the DRI reports, see www.nap.edu) presents Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) in bold type and Adequate Intakes (AIs) in ordinary type followed by an asterisk (*). RDAs and AIs may both be used as goals for individual intake. RDAs are set to meet the needs of almost all (97%-98%) individuals in a group. For healthy breastfed infants, the AI is the mean intake. The AI for other life stage and gender groups is believed to cover needs of all individuals in the group, but lack of data or uncertainty in the data prevent from being able to specify with confidence the percentage of individuals covered by this intake.aAs retinol activity equivalents (RAEs). 1 RAE = 1 μg retinol, 12 μg β-carotene, 24 μg α-carotene, or 24 μg β-cryptoxanthin. The RAE for dietary provitamin A carotenoids is twofold greater than retinol equivalents (RE), whereas the RAE for preformed vitamin A is the same as RE.bAs cholecalciferol. 1 g cholecalciferol = 40 IU vitamin D.cIn the absence of adequate exposure to sunlight.dAs α-tocopherol. α-Tocopherol includes RRR-α-tocopherol, the only form of α-tocopherol that occurs naturally in foods, and the 2R-stereoisomeric forms of α-tocopherol (RRR-, RSR-, RRS-, and RSS-α-tocopherol) that occur in fortified foods and supplements. It does not include the 2S-stereoisomeric forms of α-tocopherol (SRR-, SSR-, SRS-, and SSS-α-tocopherol), also found in fortified foods and supplements.eAs niacin equivalents (NE). 1 mg of niacin = 60 mg of tryptophan; 0-6 months = preformed niacin (not NE).fAs dietary folate equivalents (DFE). 1 DFE = 1 μg food folate = 0.6 μg of folic acid from fortified food or as a supplement consumed with food = 0.5 μg of a supplement taken on an empty stomach.gAlthough AIs have been set for choline, there are few data to assess whether a dietary supply of choline is needed at all stages of the life cycle, and it may be that the choline requirement can be met by endogenous synthesis at some of these stages.hBecause 10% to 30% of older people may malabsorb food-bound B12, it is advisable for those older than 50 years to meet their RDA mainly by consumng foods fortified with B12 or a supplement containing B12.iIn view of evidence linking folate intake with neural tube defects in the fetus, it is recommended that all women capable of becoming pregnant consume 400 μg from supplements or fortified foods in addition to intake of food folate from a varied diet.jIt is assumed that women will continue consuming ... SN - PB - McGraw Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/15 UR - accessphysiotherapy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1184125108 ER -