TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Competition Fluid and Fuel A1 - Jeukendrup, Asker A1 - Carter, James A2 - Burke, Louise A2 - Deakin, Vicki A2 - Minehan, Michelle Y1 - 2021 N1 - T2 - Clinical Sports Nutrition, 6e AB - Although research has shown that ingestion of carbohydrate (CHO) and fluids can improve performance, this is not necessarily true for all individuals in all situations. The amount of fluid and the amount of CHO that should be ingested are dependent on the goals of the individual, the nature and duration of the event, the climatic conditions, the pre-event nutritional status, and the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the individual. The circumstances of each athlete, each sport and each competition must therefore be considered when choosing what or whether to eat and drink; it is not possible to give ‘one size fits all’ advice. In a few situations, athletes can get it wrong, and performance can suffer if the type or amount of food and fluid ingested are inappropriate. Drinking too much may be even more harmful than drinking too little (Hew-Butler et al. 2008). Inappropriate intake of nutrients can also contribute to gastrointestinal problems during exercise, and the symptoms can be so severe that they will have an adverse effect on performance. Personalisation of sports nutrition for performance, and to support training and promote recovery and adaptation, is therefore required. SN - PB - McGraw Hill Education (Australia) Pty Ltd CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/04/19 UR - accessphysiotherapy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1185564420 ER -