TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Glossary A1 - Hall, Susan J. Y1 - 2023 N1 - T2 - Basic Biomechanics, 9e AB - Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|Printacromioclavicular jointirregular joint between the acromion process of the scapula and the distal clavicleactive insufficiencycondition occurring when a two-joint muscle cannot shorten enough to cause full range of motion at both joints it crosses at the same timeactive stretchingstretching of muscles, tendons, and ligaments produced by active development of tension in the antagonist musclesacute loadingapplication of a single force of sufficient magnitude to cause injury to a biological tissueagonistrole played by a muscle acting to cause a movementanatomical reference positionerect standing position with all body parts, including the palms of the hands, facing forward; considered the starting position for body segment movementsangle of attackangle between the longitudinal axis of a body and the direction of the fluid flowangle of projectionthe direction at which a body is projected with respect to the horizontalangularinvolving rotation around a central line or pointangular accelerationrate of change in angular velocityangular displacementchange in the angular position or orientation of a line segmentangular impulsechange in angular momentum equal to the product of torque and time interval over which the torque actsangular momentumquantity of angular motion possessed by a body; measured as the product of moment of inertia and angular velocityangular velocityrate of change in the angular position or orientation of a line segmentanisotropicexhibiting different mechanical properties in response to loads from different directionsannulus fibrosusthick, fibrocartilaginous ring that forms the exterior of the intervertebral discantagonistrole played by a muscle acting to slow or stop a movementanthropometricrelated to the dimensions and weights of body segmentsapexthe highest point in the trajectory of a projectileappendicular skeletonbones composing the body appendagesArchimedes’ principlephysical law stating that the buoyant force acting on a body is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the bodyarticular capsuledouble-layered membrane that surrounds every synovial jointarticular cartilageprotective layer of dense white connective tissue covering the articulating bone surfaces at diarthrodial jointsarticular fibrocartilagesoft-tissue discs or menisci that intervene between articulating bonesaverageoccurring over a designated time intervalaxialdirected along the longitudinal axis of a bodyaxial skeletonthe skull, vertebrae, sternum, and ribsaxis of rotationimaginary line perpendicular to the plane of rotation and passing through the center of rotationbalancea person’s ability to control equilibriumballistic stretchinga series of quick, bouncing-type stretchesbase of supportarea bound by the outermost regions of contact between a body and support surface or surfacesbendingasymmetric loading that produces tension on one side of a body’s longitudinal axis and compression on the other sideBernoulli principlean expression of the inverse relationship between relative velocity and relative pressure in a fluid flowbiomechanicsapplication of mechanical principles in the study of living organismsbone atrophydecrease in bone mass resulting from a predominance of osteoclast activitybone hypertrophyincrease in bone mass resulting from a predominance of osteoblast activitybody segment orientationangular orientation of a body segment with respect to a fixed line of referenceboundary layerlayer of fluid immediately adjacent to a bodybursaesacs secreting synovial fluid internally that lessen friction between soft tissues around jointscardinal planesthree imaginary perpendicular reference planes that divide the body in half by masscenter of gravitypoint around which a body’s weight is equally balanced, ... SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/11/03 UR - accessphysiotherapy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1199273343 ER -