TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Back
A1  - Hankin, Mark H.
A1  - Morse, Dennis E.
A1  - Bennett-Clarke, Carol A.
PY  - 2017
T2  - Clinical Anatomy: A Case Study Approach
AB  - Patient  PresentationA  26-year-old  woman  in  labor  is  admitted  to  the  hospital  birthing  center.  She  requests  an  "epidural"  for  pain  management.Relevant  Clinical  FindingsHistoryThe  patient  has  no  history  of  chronic  illness,  and  has  had  appropriate  prenatal  care.  The  pregnancy  is  full  term.Physical  ExaminationNoteworthy  vital  signs  of  the  fetus:Weight:  7.5  lbPulse:  145  bpm  (adult  resting  rate:  60–100  bpm)Results  of  physical  examination:Uterine  cervix  dilated  to  4  cmContractions  3  minutes  apart,  each  lasting  40-60  secondsClinical  Problems  to  ConsiderLumbar  epidural  analgesiaSpinal  analgesia  (block)Pudendal  nerve  blockClinical  NotesThere  are  three  stages  of  childbirth:Stage  1  is  characterized  by  the  onset  of  uterine  contractions  and  ends  when  the  uterine  cervix  is  dilated  completely  (10  cm).  This  stage  can  last  up  to  20  hours  and  is  divided  into  three  phases:Latent  phase:  cervix  dilated  1–4  cmActive  phase:  cervix  dilated  4–8  cmTransition  phase:  cervix  dilated  8–10  cmDuring  this  stage,  contractions  typically  increase  in  frequency,  duration,  and  intensity.  It  is  important  to  distinguish  labor  contractions  from  Braxton–Hicks  (“false  labor”)  contractions,  which  are  irregular,  do  not  increase  in  frequency,  and  may  change  with  body  position  and  activity.Stage  2  begins  when  the  cervix  is  dilated  completely  and  ends  with  delivery.  Delivery  may  last  from  20  minutes  to  2  hours.Stage  3  involves  delivery  of  the  placenta  and  lasts  between  5  and  30  minutes.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/16
UR  - accessphysiotherapy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1145872817
ER  -