TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Pressure Injury/Ulcers
A1  - Hamm, Rose
A1  - Carey, Joseph N.
PY  - 2021
T2  - Essential Elements of Wound Diagnosis
AB  - Pressure  injury/ulcers  (PI/PUs)  are  a  result  of  prolonged  direct  pressure,  shear,  or  friction  forces  that  injure  soft  tissue  between  the  skin  and  underlying  bony  prominences.  The  sacrum/coccyx,  heels,  and  greater  trochanters  are  the  anatomical  areas  most  vulnerable  to  tissue  injury;  however,  PUs  can  also  occur  on  the  occiput,  ear,  spine,  scapula,  acromion  process,  elbow,  medial  and  lateral  femoral  condyles,  patella,  malleoli,  and  metatarsals—anywhere  that  there  is  little  or  no  soft  tissue  over  the  bony  prominence  to  dissipate  the  external  and  internal  mechanical  forces.  The  area  most  at  risk  depends  upon  the  individual’s  body  build.  Therefore,  any  treatment  plan  for  prevention  and/or  treatment  has  to  be  very  patient-specific.  The  global  strategies  for  prevention  are  repositioning,  mobilization,  frequent  skin  assessments,  skin  protection,  moisture  management,  adequate  nutrition,  and  avoidance  of  shear  and  friction  during  functional  activities.  And  of  paramount  importance  is  finding  the  source  of  the  mechanical  pressure,  which  is  not  always  what  it  appears  to  be  initially.  For  example,  a  PU  on  the  lateral  hip  may  appear  to  be  from  lying  on  one  side  too  long;  however,  it  could  also  occur  from  sitting  in  a  wheelchair  that  is  too  narrow.1  The  root-cause  analysis  of  a  PU,  especially  a  deeper  one,  is  determined  by  what  the  patient  was  doing,  the  surface  upon  which  the  patient  was  sitting/lying,  and  other  risk  factors,  48  hours  prior  to  admission  to  a  facility.2  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw Hill
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/25
UR  - accessphysiotherapy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1179616042
ER  -