TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - The Shape, Resting Position, and Treatment Planes of the Joints A1 - Dutton, Mark A2 - Dutton, Mark A2 - Schneider, Melissa A2 - Lwin, Janice A2 - Bartlett, Cassady A2 - Burke-Doe, Annie PY - 2022 T2 - Physical Therapist Assistant Examination Review and Test-Taking Skills AB - Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|PrintJointConvex SurfaceConcave SurfaceResting PositionTreatment Plane and Relationship of the Osteokinematic Motion (OM) and Arthrokinematic Glide (AG)SternoclavicularFor elevation/depression, the sternum is concave, the clavicle is convex Arm resting by sideFor elevation/depression the OM and AG are in opposite directionsFor protraction/retraction, the sternum is convex, the clavicle is concaveFor protraction/retraction the OM and AG are in the same directionsAcromioclavicularClavicleAcromionArm resting by sideOM and AG are in opposite directionsGlenohumeralHumerusGlenoid55 degrees of abduction, 30 degrees of horizontal adductionIn scapular plane: OM and AG are in opposite directionsHumeroradialHumerusRadiusElbow extended, forearm supinatedPerpendicular to long axis of radius: OM and AG are in the same directionsHumeroulnarHumerusUlna70 degrees of elbow flexion, 10 degrees of forearm supination45 degrees to long axis of ulna: OM and AG are in the same directionsRadioulnar (proximal)RadiusUlna70 degrees of elbow flexion, 35 degrees of forearm supinationParallel to long axis of ulna: OM and AG are in the opposite directionsRadioulnar (distal)UlnarRadiusSupinated 10Parallel to long axis of radius: OM and AG are in the same directionsRadiocarpalProximal carpal bonesRadiusLine through radius and third metacarpalPerpendicular to long axis of radius: OM and AG are in opposite directionsIntercarpalScaphoidTrapezium and trapezoidMidpositionParallel to joint surfaces: OM and AG are in the same directionsCarpometacarpal joint of the thumbFor flexion/extension, the carpal is convex, the metacarpal is concave MidpositionFor flexion/extension: OM and AG are in the same directions For abduction/adduction the carpal is concave, the metacarpal is convex For abduction/adduction: OM and AG are in opposite directionsMetacarpophalangeal (2-5)MetacarpalProximal phalanxSlight flexionParallel to joint: OM and AG are in the same directionsInterphalangealProximal phalanxDistal phalanxSlight flexionParallel to joint: OM and AG are in the same directionsHipFemurAcetabulumHip flexed 30 degrees, abducted 30 degrees, slight external rotationOM and AG are in opposite directionsTibiofemoralFemurTibiaFlexed 25 degreesOn surface of tibial plateau: OM and AG are in the same directionsPatellofemoralPatellaFemurKnee in full extensionAlong femoral groove: OM and AG are in opposite directionsTalocruralTalusMortisePlantarflexed 10 degreeIn the mortise in anterior/posterior direction: OM and AG are in opposite directionsSubtalarCalcaneusTalusSubtalar neutral between inversion/eversionIn talus, parallel to foot surface: OM and AG are in the same directionsAG are in the same directionsTalonavicularTalusNavicularMidpositionOM and AG are in the same directionsCalcaneocuboidFor flexion/extension the calcaneus is convex, the cuboid is concave For flexion/extension: OM and AG are in the same directionsFor abduction/adduction, the calcaneus is concave, the cuboid is convexFor abduction/adduction: OM and AG are in opposite directionsMetatarsophalangealTarsal boneProximal phalanxSlight extensionParallel to joint: OM and AG are in the same directionsInterphalangealProximal phalanxDistal phalanxSlight flexionParallel to joint: OM and AG are in the same directionsReproduced with permission from Dutton M. McGraw-Hill’s NPTE (National Physical Therapy Examination), 2nd ed. 2012. Copyright © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. https://accessphysiotherapy.mhmedical.com. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/11/10 UR - accessphysiotherapy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1188486605 ER -