TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 8. Neuropathology of Parkinsonian Syndrome
A1  - Dickson, Dennis W.
A2  - Watts, Ray L.
A2  - Standaert, David G.
A2  - Obeso, Jose A.
PY  - 2012
T2  - Movement Disorders, 3e
AB  - The  common  denominator  of  virtually  all  disorders  associated  with  clinical  parkinsonism  is  neuronal  loss  in  the  substantia  nigra,  particularly  of  dopaminergic  neurons  in  the  pars  compacta  (A9)  that  project  to  the  striatum  (Fig.  8–1).  The  exception  to  this  concept  is  parkinsonism  due  to  direct  injury  to  the  striatum,  such  as  that  seen  in  vascular  parkinsonism,  in  which  infarcts  or  hemorrhages  are  present  in  the  basal  ganglia,  especially  the  globus  pallidus,  without  necessarily  affecting  the  substantia  nigra.1  The  ventrolateral  tier  of  neurons  appears  to  be  the  most  vulnerable  in  many  parkinsonian  disorders,  and  these  project  heavily  to  the  putamen.2  The  more  medial  group  of  dopaminergic  neurons  (A10)  send  projections  to  the  forebrain  and  medial  temporal  lobe  and  are  less  affected.  The  basis  for  selective  vulnerability  between  A9  and  A10  neurons  has  been  explored  with  microarray  expression  studies,  which  show  different  patterns  of  gene  expression  in  A9  and  A10  neurons,3  but  much  remains  to  be  learned  how  this  translates  into  selective  neuronal  loss  of  A9  neurons  in  parkinsonian  disorders.  The  dorsal  tier  of  neurons  may  be  most  vulnerable  to  neuronal  loss  associated  with  aging.4  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessphysiotherapy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=55792190
ER  -