TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Appendix A. Classification of Joints and Their Movements
A1  - Hamilton, Nancy
A1  - Weimar, Wendi
A1  - Luttgens, Kathryn
PY  - 2008
T2  - Kinesiology: Scientific Basis of Human Motion, 11e
AB  - Table  Graphic  Jump  Location|Download  (.pdf)|PrintClassification  of  Joints  and  Their  MovementsTypeArticulationMovementDiarthrodial:  NonaxialShoulder  girdleSternoclavicularLimited  motion  of  end  of  clavicle  in  all  three  planesElevation–depressionForward-backwardRotation:  forward-downward;  backward-upwardAcromioclavicularMovements  of  scapula  (including  motion  in  both  joints)Irregular;  Arthrodial;  PlaneElevation–depressionRotation:  upward-downwardAbduction–adductionUpward  tilt—reduction  of  sameIntercarpalSlight  gliding  movements  in  cooperation  with  movements  of  wrist  and  metacarpalsIntertarsalSlight  gliding  movements  in  cooperation  with  movements  of  talonavicular  and  ankle  jointsDiarthrodial:  UniaxialElbowHumeroulnarFlexion–extension–hyperextension  (slight)KneeTibiofemoralFlexion–extension–hyperextension  (slight)Hinge;  GinglymusAnkleTalotibial  and  talofibularDorsiflexion–plantar  flexion  (extension)Fingers  and  thumbFlexion–extensionInterphalangealToesInterphalangealFlexion–extensionForearmProximal  and  distal  radioulnarSupination–pronationPivot;  Screw;  TrochoidNeckAtlantoaxial  (first  and  second  cervical)Rotation:  right-leftDiarthrodial:  BiaxialWristFlexion–extension–hyperextensionRadiocarpalAbduction–adductionFingersMetacarpophalangealFlexion–extensionAbduction–adductionCondyloid;  Ovoid;  EllipsoidalToesMetatarsophalangealFlexion–extension–hyperextensionAbduction–adduction  (limited)HeadOccipitoatlantalFlexion–extension–hyperextensionLateral  flexion:  right-leftSaddle;  Seller;  Reciprocal  receptionThumbCarpometacarpalFlexion–extension–hyperextensionAbduction–adductionOpposition  (combination  of  abduction,  hyperflexion,  and  possibly  slight  inward  rotation)*Diarthrodial:  TriaxialShoulderFlexion–extension–hyperextensionGlenohumeralAbduction–adductionRotation:  outward-inwardBall-and-socket;  EnarthrodialHorizontal  adduction  (from  abduction)Horizontal  abduction  (from  flexion)HipFemoroacetabularFlexion–extension–hyperextensionAbduction–adductionRotation:  outward-inwardHorizontal  adduction  (from  abduction)Horizontal  abduction  (from  flexion)Shallow  ball-and-socketFootDorsiflexion–plantar  flexion  (very  slight)TalonavicularAbduction–adduction  (slight)Inversion–eversion  (very  slight)Combination  Diarthrodial  Nonaxial  and  Fibrocartilaginous  SynarthrodialTriaxial  simulated  ball-and-socketVertebral  bodies  Intervertebral  cartilagesFlexionExtensionHyperextensionLateral  flexion:  right-leftRotation:  right-leftNonaxial  irregularVertebral  arches*Opinions  differ  with  respect  to  inward  rotation.  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/23
UR  - accessphysiotherapy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=6153740
ER  -