RT Book, Section A1 Waxman, Stephen G. SR Print(0) ID 1137638023 T1 Cerebral Hemispheres/Telencephalon T2 Clinical Neuroanatomy, 28e YR 2017 FD 2017 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071847704 LK accessphysiotherapy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1137638023 RD 2024/03/29 AB The cerebral hemispheres make us human. They include the cerebral cortex (which consists of six lobes on each side: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insular, and limbic), the underlying cerebral white matter, and a complex of deep gray matter masses, the basal ganglia. From a phylogenetic point of view, the cerebral hemispheres, particularly the cortex, are relatively new. Folding of the cortex, in gyri separated by sulci, permits a highly expanded cortical mantle to fit within the skull vault in higher mammals, including humans. The cortex is particularly well developed in humans. There are multiple maps (motor, somatosensory, visual) of the body and the external world within the cortex. The cortex is highly parcellated, with different parts of the cortex being responsible for a variety of higher brain functions, including manual dexterity (the "opposing thumb" and the ability, eg, to move the fingers individually so as to play the piano); conscious, discriminative aspects of sensation; and cognitive activity, including language, reasoning, planning, and many aspects of learning and memory.