RT Book, Section
A1 Powers, Scott K.
A1 Howley, Edward T.
A1 Quindry, John
SR Print(0)
ID 1184125108
T1 Dietary Reference Intakes: Vitamins
T2 Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance, 11e
YR 2021
FD 2021
PB McGraw Hill
PP New York, NY
SN 9781260237764
LK accessphysiotherapy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1184125108
RD 2024/04/20
AB Table  Graphic  Jump  Location|Download  (.pdf)|PrintDietary  Reference  Intakes  (DRIs):  Recommended  Intakes  for  Individuals,  VitaminsFood  and  Nutrition  Board,  Institute  of  Medicine,  National  AcademiesLife  Stage  GroupVit  A  (μg/day)aVit  C  (mg/day)Vit  D  (μg/day)b,cVit  E  (mg/day)dVit  K  (μg/day)Thiamin  (mg/day)Riboflavin  (mg/day)Niacin  (mg/day)eVit  B6  (mg/day)Folate  (g/day)fVit  B12  (g/day)Pantothenic  Acid  (mg/day)Biotin  (g/day)Choline  (mg/day)gInfants  0-6  mo400*40*5*4*2.0*0.2*0.3*2*0.1*65*0.4*1.7*5*125*  7-12  mo500*50*5*5*2.5*0.3*0.4*4*0.3*80*0.5*1.8*6*150*Children  1-3  yr300155*630*0.50.560.51500.92*8*200*  4-8  yr400255*755*0.60.680.62001.23*12*250*Males  9-13  yr600455*1160*0.90.9121.03001.84*20*375*  14-18  yr900755*1575*1.21.3161.34002.45*25*550*  19-30  yr900905*15120*1.21.3161.34002.45*30*550*  31-50  yr900905*15120*1.21.3161.34002.45*30*550*  51-70  yr9009010*15120*1.21.3161.74002.4i5*30*550*  >70  yr9009015*15120*1.21.3161.74002.4i5*30*550*Females  9-13  yr600455*1160*0.90.9121.03001.84*20*375*  14-18  yr700655*1575*1.01.0141.2400i2.45*25*400*  19-30  yr700755*1590*1.11.1141.3400h2.45*30*425*  31-50  yr700755*1590*1.11.1141.3400h2.45*30*425*  51-70  yr7007510*1590*1.11.1141.54002.4h5*30*425*  >70  yr7007515*1590*1.11.1141.54002.4h5*30*425*Pregnancy  14-18  yr750805*1575*1.41.4181.9600j2.66*30*450*  19-30  yr770855*1590*1.41.4181.9600j2.66*30*450*  31-50  yr770855*1590*1.41.4181.9600j2.66*30*450*Lactation  14-18  yr12001155*1975*1.41.6172.05002.87*35*550*  19-30  yr13001205*1990*1.41.6172.05002.87*35*550*  31-50  yr13001205*1990*1.41.6172.05002.87*35*550*NOTE:  This  table  (taken  from  the  DRI  reports,  see  www.nap.edu)  presents  Recommended  Dietary  Allowances  (RDAs)  in  bold  type  and  Adequate  Intakes  (AIs)  in  ordinary  type  followed  by  an  asterisk  (*).  RDAs  and  AIs  may  both  be  used  as  goals  for  individual  intake.  RDAs  are  set  to  meet  the  needs  of  almost  all  (97%-98%)  individuals  in  a  group.  For  healthy  breastfed  infants,  the  AI  is  the  mean  intake.  The  AI  for  other  life  stage  and  gender  groups  is  believed  to  cover  needs  of  all  individuals  in  the  group,  but  lack  of  data  or  uncertainty  in  the  data  prevent  from  being  able  to  specify  with  confidence  the  percentage  of  individuals  covered  by  this  intake.aAs  retinol  activity  equivalents  (RAEs).  1  RAE  =  1  μg  retinol,  12  μg  β-carotene,  24  μg  α-carotene,  or  24  μg  β-cryptoxanthin.  The  RAE  for  dietary  provitamin  A  carotenoids  is  twofold  greater  than  retinol  equivalents  (RE),  whereas  the  RAE  for  preformed  vitamin  A  is  the  same  as  RE.bAs  cholecalciferol.  1  g  cholecalciferol  =  40  IU  vitamin  D.cIn  the  absence  of  adequate  exposure  to  sunlight.dAs  α-tocopherol.  α-Tocopherol  includes  RRR-α-tocopherol,  the  only  form  of  α-tocopherol  that  occurs  naturally  in  foods,  and  the  2R-stereoisomeric  forms  of  α-tocopherol  (RRR-,  RSR-,  RRS-,  and  RSS-α-tocopherol)  that  occur  in  fortified  foods  and  supplements.  It  does  not  include  the  2S-stereoisomeric  forms  of  α-tocopherol  (SRR-,  SSR-,  SRS-,  and  SSS-α-tocopherol),  also  found  in  fortified  foods  and  supplements.eAs  niacin  equivalents  (NE).  1  mg  of  niacin  =  60  mg  of  tryptophan;  0-6  months  =  preformed  niacin  (not  NE).fAs  dietary  folate  equivalents  (DFE).  1  DFE  =  1  μg  food  folate  =  0.6  μg  of  folic  acid  from  fortified  food  or  as  a  supplement  consumed  with  food  =  0.5  μg  of  a  supplement  taken  on  an  empty  stomach.gAlthough  AIs  have  been  set  for  choline,  there  are  few  data  to  assess  whether  a  dietary  supply  of  choline  is  needed  at  all  stages  of  the  life  cycle,  and  it  may  be  that  the  choline  requirement  can  be  met  by  endogenous  synthesis  at  some  of  these  stages.hBecause  10%  to  30%  of  older  people  may  malabsorb  food-bound  B12,  it  is  advisable  for  those  older  than  50  years  to  meet  their  RDA  mainly  by  consumng  foods  fortified  with  B12  or  a  supplement  containing  B12.iIn  view  of  evidence  linking  folate  intake  with  neural  tube  defects  in  the  fetus,  it  is  recommended  that  all  women  capable  of  becoming  pregnant  consume  400  μg  from  supplements  or  fortified  foods  in  addition  to  intake  of  food  folate  from  a  varied  diet.jIt  is  assumed  that  women  will  continue  consuming  ...