RT Book, Section A1 Malone, Terry R. A1 Hazle, Charles A1 Grey, Michael L. SR Print(0) ID 5940084 T1 Chapter 10. The Ankle and Foot T2 Imaging in Rehabilitation YR 2008 FD 2008 PB The McGraw-Hill Companies PP New York, NY SN 978-0-07-154946-2 LK accessphysiotherapy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=5940084 RD 2024/03/29 AB Since the ankle complex serves as the transition from the "leg" to the foot, significant forces are placed through these structures resulting in frequent injuries. The talus sits between the medial and lateral malleoli within what is described as the ankle mortise. The orientation of the mortise (lateral malleolus more distal and posterior than the medial) dictates the motion of plantar flexion to have an inversion component, while dorsiflexion includes eversion. As the lower extremity internally rotates during ambulation and the foot must be able to be placed onto the surface, the next inferior linkage to the foot provides a mechanism for dissipation of rotation (subtalar joint) while enabling the foot to adapt to uneven surfaces (serving as a mobile adaptor). It is obvious that a variety of ligamentous structures are required to control the bony structures and to interface with the muscular units permitting normal function. The osseous–ligamentous structures are shown in Figure 10–1A & B, respectively, in medial and lateral orientations. These relationships have been described at length by Inman (1976). It is interesting to note how Inman used models to explain the intricate interrelationships and how the ankle must be viewed as apart of the overall complex. This can be perceived as enabling the lower extremity to perform required "functional" tasks while permitting the foot to transfer weight-bearing loads. Unfortunately, the large loads and unique triplanar action of these structures does predispose them to injury.